Jack Saltiel
Professor of
Chemistry
B.A., Magna cum Laude,
Ph.D., California Institute of Technology,
1964
Department of Chemistry
Florida State University
e-mail: jsaltiel@chemmail.chem.fsu.edu
tel: (850) 644-5405
Dr. Saltiel was a recipient of an NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship at the
Photochemistry of organic molecules; elucidation of the mechanisms of selected photochemical reactions by chemical and spectroscopic means.
We aim to determine the role, multiplicity and geometry of key electronically excited and ground state intermediates applying both chemical and spectroscopic means. We are guided by the premise that a detailed understanding of simple photochemical reactions establishes the proper foundation for the study of more complex photochemical and photobiological systems. Our methods include quantitative measurements of product quantum yields, determination of rate constants by employing steady-state and transient emission and absorption spectroscopy, use of triplet excitation transfer to sensitize or quench triplet reaction pathways, and studies of the effects of medium and temperature on the photochemical and photophysical events. An important goal is the integration of all the information into a self-consistent kinetics model for each reaction. Much of this work depneds on the use of computers.
A
connecting thread that runs through much of our research is the elucidation of
the various pathways that lead to the cis-trans photoisomerization of olefins.
We continue to extend our well-recognized studies on stilbenes and 1,3-dienes
to the diphenylpolyenes and the styrylarenes, molecules that combine properties
of both systems. We have developed the method of principal component analysis
with self-modeling (PCA-SM) to resolve the spectra of such systems into the
separate contributions from distinct conformers. The ability to define
conformer specific photochemistry and photophysics has led to several unambiguous
validations of Havinga's (non-equilibrating excited rotamers) NEER principle.
For instance, the pronounced excitation wavelength dependence of the cis-trans
photoisomerization and photocyclization of cis-1-(2-naphthyl)-2-phenylethene
is analogous to that in preVitamin D (Scheme 1) and is quantitatively
explained in terms of selective conformer excitation. This is strong evidence
that recent challenges to Havinga's NEER principle explanation of Vitamin-D
related photochemistry are incorrect.
Our work on the photochemistry of derivatives in the vitamin D field, supported initially by an industrial grant (Monsanto/Pharmacia/Roche Vitamins) and by NSF, uncovered hitherto unknown conformer specific photochemistry that should have a significant impact on the industrial production of the vitamin Ds and led to the 2007 patent shown below.
We are applying the methods developed in our conformer work (PCA-SM and the
related singular value decomposition - SM) to the resolution of spectral
matrices describing the time evolution of the intermediates in the photocycles
of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and selected site-specific mutants of
Our most recent efforts have been directed to unraveling cis-trans photoisomerization mechanisms in volume confining organic glasses at low temperature and in the solid state at room temperature. Our experimental confirmation of the bicycle-pedal photoisomerization mechanism (simultaneous two-bond isomerization in a polyene chromophore) 30 years after it was proposed is a gratifying accomplishment. We have been testing the Hula-twist photoisomerization mechanism and have presented definitive evidence against it in 1,4-di-(o-tolyl)-1,3-butadiene.
RECENT PUBLICATIONS
·
Saltiel, J.; Klima,
R.; van de Burgt, L. J.; Wang, S.; Dmitrenko, O. “Temperature Dependence of the 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene Triplet
Lifetime in Solution and Theoretical Evaluation of Triplet Conformer
Interconversion” J. Phys. Chem. B 2010, ASAP
on the web May 7, 2010. (Invited article, M. R. Wasielewski issue).
·
Saltiel, J.;
Papadimitriou, D.; Krishna, T. S. R.; Huang, Z.-N.; Krishnamoorthy, G;
Laohhasurayotin, S.; Clark, R. J. “Photoisomerization of All-cis-1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in the Solid State and in
Solution: A Simultaneous Three-Bond Twist Process” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng. 2009, 48, 8082-8085.
·
Saltiel,
J.; Smothers, W. K.; Schanze, K. S.; Charman. S. A.; Bonneau R. “2,5-Dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene
Induced Photodechlorination of 9,10-Dichloroanthracene” Photochem. Photobiol.
Sci. 2009, 8, 856-867.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Dmitrenko, O.; Pillai, Z. S.; Klima, R.;
Wang, S.; Wharton, T.; Huang, Z.-N.; van
de Burgt, L. J.; Arranz, J. “Triplet
and Ground State Potential Energy Surfaces of 1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadiene:
Theory and Experiment” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2008, 7, 566-577.
(Invited article, Jakob Wirz issue).
·
Saltiel, J.;
Bremer, M. A.; Laohhasurayotin, S.; Krishna, T. S. R. “Photoisomerization of cis,cis- and cis,trans-1,4-Di-o-tolyl-1,3-butadiene in Glassy Media at
77 K: One Bond Twist and Bicycle-Pedal”,
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Eng. 2008, 47, 1237-1240. Published on the web on January 5, 2008.
·
Fedorova,
O. A.; Fedorov, Yu. V.; Shepel, N. E.; Gulakova, N; Alfimov, M. V.;Goli, U.;
Saltiel, J. “Supramolecular
Photochemical Synthesis of an Unsymmetrical Cyclobutane” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.
2007, 6, 1097 – 1105.
·
Saltiel, J.; Krishna, T. S. R.; Laohhasurayotin, S.; Fort, K.; Clark,
R. J. “Photoisomerization of cis,cis- to trans,trans-1,4-Diaryl-1,3-butadienes
in the Solid State: The Bicycle-Pedal Mechanism” J. Phys.
Chem. A 2008, 112,
199-209.
·
Saltiel, J.; Wang, S. “The
photochemistry and photophysics of all-trans-1,4-diindanylidenyl-2-butene,
a rigid analogue of all-trans-1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.
2006, 5, 883-895. (Invited paper, G. S. Hammond Memorial Issue) Published
on the web on August 28, 2006. Featured on the cover of the October
issue of the journal.
·
Fedorov, Yu.; Fedorova, O.; Schepel, N.; Alfimov, M.;
Turek, A. M.; Saltiel, J. “The Photochemistry of a bis-Crown Ether Based on
Benzobis(thiazole) and its Alkaline Earth Metal Cation Complexes” Photochem. Photobiol. 2006.
82, 1108-1115.
·
Saltiel, J.; Ivanov, R. A.; Gormin, D. A.; Krishna, T.
S. R.; Clark, R. J. “Conformationally Restricted 2,5-Diphenyloxazoles:
Failure of the Electromer Model for Anomalous Amplified Spontaneous Emission
Spikes” Mol.
Phys. 2006, 104, 957-969. (Invited paper, M. Robb Issue.)
·
Saltiel,
J.; Krishna, T. S. R.; Turek, A. M.; Clark, R. J. “Photoisomerization
of cis,cis-1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadiene
in Glassy Media at 77 K: The Bicycle-Pedal Mechanism” J. Chem. Soc.
Chem. Commun. 2006,
1506-1508.
·
Saltiel, J.; Klima, R. F. “a-Methylstilbene and the Duality of Mechanism in the Quenching of
Stilbene Triplets by Molecular Oxygen” Photochem.
Photobiol. 2006, 82, 38-42. Published on the web June 16, 2005. (Invited paper, Tito Scaiano
Issue.)
·
Zimányi,
L.; Saltiel, J.; Brown, L. S.; Lanyi, J. K. “A Priori Resolution of the Intermediate Spectra in
the Bacteriorhodopsin Photocycle: The Time Evolution of two L Species Revealed” J. Phys. Chem.
A 2006, 110, 2318-2321. Published on the web,
February 1, 2006.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Krishna, T. S. R.; Clark, R. J. “Photoisomerization of cis,cis-1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadiene in the Solid State: The
Bicycle-Pedal Mechanism” J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 1694-1697. Published on the web, January
11, 2006.
·
Fedorov, Yu. V.; Fedorova, O. A.; Shepel, N.
E.; Gromov, S. P.; Alfimov, M. V.; Kuzmina, L. G.; Howard, J. A. K.; Saltiel, J. “Synthesis, complexation, and photochemistry
of benzobisthiazole-based bis(crown ether)” Russ.
Chem. Bull. 2005, 54, 2119-2128.
·
Gromov, S. P.;
Vedernikov, A. I.; Fedorov, Yu. V.; Fedorova, O. A.; Andryukhina, E. N.;
Shepel', N. E.; Strelenko, Yu. A.; Johnels, D.; Edlund, U.; Saltiel, J.;
Alfimov, M. V. “Self-assembly of a
(benzothiazolyl)ethenylbenzocrown ether into a sandwich complex and
stereoselective [2+2] photocycloaddition”
Russ. Chem. Bull. 2005, 54, 1569-1579.
·
Fedorov, Yu.; Fedorova, O.; Schepel, N.; Gromov, S;
Alfimov, M.; Turek, A. M.; Saltiel, J.“Synthesis and Multitopic Complex Formation of a
Photochromic bis-Crown Ether Based on Benzobis(thiazole)” J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, 8653-8660.
·
Saltiel, J.; Krishna, T. S. R.; Turek, A. M. “Photoisomerization of cis-1-(2-Naphthyl)-2-phenylethene in
Methylcyclohexane at 77 K: No Hula-Twist” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 6938-6939.
·
Turek, A. M.; Krishnamoorthy, G.; Sears, D. F., Jr.; Garcia, I.;
Dmitrenko, O.; Saltiel, J. “Resolution of Three Fluorescence Components in the
Spectra of all-trans-1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene
under Isopolarizability Conditions” J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, 293-303.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Mace, J. M.; Watkins, L. P.; Gormin, D. A.; Clark, R. J.; Dmitrenko, O. "Biindanylidenes: Role of Central Bond Torsion in Nonvertical
Triplet Excitation Transfer to the Stilbenes” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003,
125, 16158-16159.
·
Saltiel, J.; Krishnamoorthy, G.; Huang, Z; Ko, D.-H.; Wang, S. “The Photoisomerization of all-trans-1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. Temperature and Deuterium
Isotope Effects” J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 3178-3186.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Cires, E.; Turek, A. “Conformer-Specific Photoconversion of
25-Hydroxytachysterol to 25-Hydroxyprevitamin D3: Role in the
Production of Vitamin Ds” J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 2003, 125,
2866-2867.
·
Saltiel, J.; Krishnamoorthy, G.; Sears, D. F., Jr. “The
Effect of Solvent Polarizability on the Fluorescence of trans-1-(2-Naphthyl)-2-phenylethene
Conformers. Conformer-specific Fluorescence from the Cis Isomer” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.
2003, 2, 1162–1168.
·
Saltiel, J.; Krishnamoorthy, G.; Huang, Z; Ko, D.-H.; Wang, S. “Stereoselective O2-Induced
Photoisomerization of all-trans-1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene” Can. J. Chem. 2003,
81, 673-679.
·
Aguiar, M.;
Akcelrud, L.; Pinto, M. R.; Atvars, T. D. Z.; Karasz, F. E.; Saltiel, J.
“Spectroscopic Evidence for Aggregation of Stilbene Derivatives in Solution” J. Photosci. 2003, 10,
149-155.
·
Turek, A. M.; Krishnamoorthy, G.; Phipps, K.; Saltiel, J. “Resolution of Benzophenone Delayed Fluorescence and
Phosphorescence with Compensation for Thermal Broadening” J. Phys. Chem.
A 2002, 106, 6044-6052.
·
Fedorova, O. A.:
Fedorov, Y. V.; Vedernikov, A. I.; Gromov, S. P.; Yescheulova, O. V.; Alfimov,
M. V.; Woerner, M.; Bossmann, S.; Braun, A.; Saltiel, J. “Thiacrown Ether Substituted Styryl Dyes: Synthesis,
Complex Formation and Multiphotochromic Properties” J. Phys. Chem.
A 2002, 106, 6213-6222.
·
del Valle, J. C.;
Turek, A. M.; Tarkalanov, N. D.; Saltiel, J. “Distortion of the Fluorescence Spectrum of Anthracene with Increasing
Laser Pulse Excitation Energy” J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 5101-5104.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Sears, D. F., Jr.; Turek, A. M. “UV Spectrum of the High Energy Conformers of
1,3-Butadiene in the Gas Phase” J. Phys. Chem. A 2001,
105, 7569-7578.
·
Catalán, J.;
Saltiel, J. “On the Origin of Nonvertical Triplet Excitation
Transfer. The Relative Role of
Double-Bond and Phenyl-Vinyl Torsions in the Stilbenes” J. Phys.
Chem. A 2001, 105, 6273-6276.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Dmitrenko, O.; Reischl, W.; Bach, R. D. “The Triplet Potential Energy Surface of s-trans-2,4-Hexadiene. A Comparison of
Theory and Experiment” J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 3934-3939.
·
Kulcsár, Á.;
Saltiel, J.; Zimanyi, L. “Dissecting the Photocycle of the Bacteriorhodopsin
E204Q Mutant from Kinetic Multichannel Difference Spectra. Extension of the
Method of Singular Value Decomposition with Self-Modeling to Five Components” J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 2001, 123, 3332-3340.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Wang, S.; Watkins, L. P.; Ko, D.-H. “Direct Photoisomerization of the
1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatrienes. Medium Effect on Triplet and Singlet
Contributions” J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 11443-11450.
· Catalán, J.; Zimányi, L.; Saltiel, J. “Medium-Controlled Aggregation of trans-Stilbene” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 2377-2378.
·
Saltiel, J.; del
Valle, J. C.; Tarkalanov, N. “The Distortion of the Fluorescence Spectrum of all-trans-1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene
with Increasing Laser Pulse Excitation Energies” J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 9350-9355.
· Alfimov, M. V.; Gromov, S. P.; Fedorov, Y. V.;
Fedorova, O. A.; Vedernikov, A. I.; Churakov, V.; Kuz’mina, L G.; Howard, J. A.
K.; Bossmann, S.; Braun, A.; Woerner, M. and Sears, Jr., D. F.; Saltiel, J. “Synthesis, Structure and Ion Selective Complexation
of Trans and Cis Isomers of Photochromic Dithia-18-crown-6 Ethers” J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 1999, 121, 4992-5000.
·
Zimányi, L.;
Kulcsár, Á.; Lanyi, J. K. Sears, Jr., D. F.; Saltiel, J. “Intermediate Spectra and Photocycle Kinetics of the
Asp96Asn Mutant Bacteriorhodopsin Determined by Singular Value Decomposition
with Self-Modeling” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96, 4414-4419.
·
Zimányi, L.;
Kulcsár, Á.; Lanyi, J. K. Sears, Jr., D. F.; Saltiel, J. “Singular Value Decomposition with Self-Modeling
Applied to Determine Bacteriorhodopsin Intermediate Spectra. Analysis of
Simulated Data” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999,
96, 4408-4413.
· Saltiel, J.; Wang, S.; Ko, D.-H.; Gormin, D. A. "Cis-Trans Photoisomerization of the 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatrienes in the Triplet State. The Quantum Chain Mechanism and the Structure of the Triplet State" J. Phys Chem. A. 1998, 102, 5383-5392.
· Saltiel, J.; Crowder, J. M.; Wang, S. “Mapping the Potential Energy Surfaces of the
1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene Ground and Triplet States” J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 1999, 121, 895-902, 5352.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Zhang, Y.; Sears, Jr., D. F. "Temperature Dependence of the Photoisomerization
of cis-1-(2-Anthryl)-2-phenylethene.
Conformer-Specificity. Torsional Energetics and Mechanism" J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 1997, 119, 11202-11210.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Zhang, Y.; Sears, Jr., D. F. "Dependence of trans-1-(2-Anthryl)-2-phenylethene Conformer-Specific Fluorescence
Spectra and Fumaronitrile Quenching Rate Constants on Temperature" J. Phys.
Chem. A 1997, 101,7053-7060.
·
Steinbock, O.;
Neumann, B.; Cage, B.; Muhller, S. C.; Saltiel, J.; Dalal, N. S. "A Demonstration of Principal Component Analysis
for EPR Spectroscopy: Identifying Pure Compounds from Complex Spectra" Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 3708-3713.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Choi, J.-O.; Sears, Jr., D. F.; Eaker, D. W.; O'Shea, K. E.; Garcia, I. "Resolution of trans-1-(2-Naphthyl)-2-phenylethene Fluorescence in the Presence of
Tri-n-butylamine into Pairs of
Monomer and Exciplex Spectra. Selectivity in Conformer Quenching" J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 1996, 118, 7478-7485.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Zhang, Y.; Sears, Jr., D. F. "Highly Efficient Conformer-Specific Adiabatic
Cis - Trans Photoisomerization of cis-1-(2-Anthryl)-2-phenylethene
in S1" J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 1996, 118, 2811-2817.
·
Hilinski, E. F.;
McGowan, W. M.; Sears, Jr., D. F.; Saltiel, J. "Evolutions of Singlet Excited State Absorption
and Fluorescence of all-trans-1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene
in the Picosecond Time Domain" J. Phys Chem. 1996, 100, 3308-3311.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Wang, S. "Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of a Rigid
Analogue of all-trans-1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
Solvent Controlled Order Inversion of 21Ag and 11Bu
Energy Levels" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 10761-10762.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Dabestani, R.; Sears, Jr., D. F.; McGowan, W. M.; Hilinski, E. F. "Photocycloaddition of 9,10-Dichloroanthracene to
2,5-Dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene. The Singlet
Pathway for [4+2]-Adduct Formation in Benzene" J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 1995, 117, 9129-9138.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Tarkalanov, N.; Sears, Jr., D. F. "Conformer Specific Adiabatic Cis to Trans
Photoisomerization of cis-1-(2-Naphthyl)-2-phenylethene.
A Striking Application of the NEER Principle" J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 1995, 117, 5586-5587.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Zhang, Y.; Sears, Jr., D. F.; Choi, J.-O. "Fluorescence, Fluorescence-Excitation and Absorption
Spectra of trans-1-(2-Anthryl)-2-phenylethene
Conformers" Res. Chem. Intermed. 1995,
21, 899-921.
·
Saltiel, J.; Choi,
J.-O.; Sears, Jr., D. F.; Eaker, D. W.; Mallory, F. B.; Mallory, C. W. "Effect of Spectral Shifts on the Resolution of trans-1-(2-Naphthyl)-2-phenylethene
Conformer UV Spectra Based on Principal Component Analysis with
Self-Modeling" J. Phys Chem. 1994, 98,
13162-13170.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Waller, A. S.; Sears, Jr., D. F.; Hoburg, E. A.; Zeglinski, D. M.; Waldeck, D.
H. "Fluorescence Quantum Yields and Lifetimes of
Substituted Stilbenes in n-Alkanes. A
Rexamination of the Relationship between Solute Size and Medium Effect on
Torsional Relaxation" J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98,
10689-10698.
·
Saltiel, J.; Ko,
D.-H.; Fleming, S. A. "Differential Medium Effects on the Trans to Cis
Photoisomerization of all-trans-1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
Competing Diradicaloid vs Zwitterionic Pathways" J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 1994, 116, 4099-4100.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Sears, Jr., D. F.; Choi, J.-O.; Sun, Y.-P.; Eaker, D. W. "The Fluorescence, Fluorescence-Excitation and UV
Absorption Spectra of trans-1-(2-Naphthyl)-2-phenylethene
Conformers" J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 35-46.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Waller, A. S.; Sears, Jr., D. F.; Garrett, C. Z. "Fluorescence Quantum Yields of trans-Stilbene-d0 and -d2
in n-Hexane and n-Tetradecane. Medium and Deuterium Isotope Effects on Decay
Processes" J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 2516-2522.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Waller, A. S.; Sears, Jr., D. F. "The Temperature and Medium Dependencies of cis-Stilbene Fluorescence. The
Energetics for Twisting in the Lowest Excited Singlet State" J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 1993, 115, 2453-2465.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Sears, Jr., D. F.; Sun, Y.-P.; Choi, J.-O.
"Evidence for Ground State s-cis-Conformers in
the Fluorescence Spectra of all-trans-1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene"
J.
Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 3607-3612.
·
Saltiel, J.; A.
S. Waller, A. S.; Sears, Jr., D. F.
"Dynamics of cis-Stilbene
Photoisomerization: The Adiabatic Pathway to Excited trans-Stilbene" J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 1992, 65, 29-40.
·
Sun, Y.-P.;
Saltiel, J.; Park, N. S.; Hoburg, E. A.; Waldeck, D. H. "Application of the Medium Enhanced Barrier Model
to the Photoisomerization Dynamics of Substituted Stilbenes in n-Alkane Solvents" J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 10336-10344.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Marchand, G. R. "cis,trans-1,1'-Bicyclohexenyl: Conformer Dependent Chemistry in Benzene and
in Methanol" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2702-2708.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Waller, A.; Sun, Y.-P.; Sears, Jr., D. F. "cis-Stilbene Fluorescence in
Solution. Adiabatic 1c* to 1t*
Conversion" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4580-4581.
·
Sun, Y.-P.;
Saltiel, J. "Application of the Kramers Equation to Stilbene
Photoisomerization in n-Alkanes using
Translational Diffusion Coefficients to Define Microviscosity" J. Phys.
Chem. 1989, 93, 8310-8316.
·
Saltiel, J.; Sun,
Y.-P. "The Intrinsic Potential Energy Barrier for
Twisting in the trans-Stilbene S1
State in Hydrocarbon Solvents" J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93,
6246-6250.
·
Sun, Y.-P.;
Sears, Jr., D. F.; Saltiel, J. "Resolution of Benzophenone Delayed Fluorescence
and Phosphorescence. Evidence of
Vibrationally Unrelaxed Prompt Fluorescence" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 706-711.
·
Sun, Y.-P.;
Sears, Jr., D. F.; Saltiel, J.; Mallory, F. B.; Mallory, C. W.; Buser, C. A. "Principal Component-Three Component Self
Modeling Analysis Applied to trans-1,2-Di-(2-naphthyl)ethene
Fluorescence" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 6974-6984.
·
Sun, Y.-P.;
Sears, Jr., D. F.; Saltiel, J. "Principal Component Self-Modeling Analysis
Applied to Conformational Equilibration of 1,3-Butadiene Vapor. UV Spectra and
Thermodynamic Parameters of the Two Conformers" J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 1988, 110, 6277-6279.
·
Saltiel, J.;
Atwater, B. W. "Spin-Statistical Factors on Diffusion-Controlled Reactions"
Adv. Photochem. 1988, 14, 1-90.
·
Sun, Y.-P.;
Sears, Jr., D. F.; Saltiel, J. "Three-Component Self-Modeling Technique Applied
to Luminescence Spectra" Anal.
Chem. 1987, 59, 2515-2519.
This material is based upon work supported by
the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. CHE 9612316, 9985895 and
0314784. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in
this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views
of the National Science Foundation (NSF).