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Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
(Carey, Chap. 19 & 20) |
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| Reaction | Product | Notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 
| carboxylate anions; water soluble; soaps; HCO3- diagnostic for carbox. acid (---> CO2 gas) 
| 
| Fischer esterification, equilibrium, K = 1. Ester hydrolysis, (HO- cat.= saponification) 
| diazomethane; prep. of methyl esters 
| reduction of acid or ester to 1o alcohol 
| 5 or 6 membered ring cyclic anhydride 
| 5 or 6 membered ring lactone 
| prep. of anhydrides 
| prep. of ketones 
| prep. of aldehydes 
| prep. of esters 
| prep. of amides 
| transesterification 
| aminolysis of esters 
| double addition of Grignard 
| hydrolysis of amides; very slow reaction 
| prep. of amines 
| hydrolysis of nitriles; very slow reaction 
| prep. of 1o amines 
| single addition of Grignard; prep. of ketones 
| alpha halogenation of carboxylic acids 
| Hofmann rearrangement; prep. of 1o amines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||