:root {
    --garnet:      #782F40;
    --garnet-dark: #5a1e2e;
    --garnet-pale: #f5eaec;
    --gold:        #CEB888;
    --gold-dark:   #a8924a;
    --gold-pale:   #faf6ee;
    --white:       #ffffff;
    --off-white:   #f7f6f4;
    --bg:          #f4f2ef;
    --ink:         #1a1714;
    --text:        #2c2825;
    --text-mid:    #5a524a;
    --text-light:  #8a807a;
    --border:      #ddd8d0;
    --border-light:#eee9e2;
    --shadow:      0 2px 12px rgba(26,23,20,0.08);
    --shadow-md:   0 4px 24px rgba(26,23,20,0.12);
  }

  *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
  html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

  body {
    font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
    background: var(--bg);
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.6;
  }

  /* ── NAV ── */
  nav {
    position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; z-index: 200;
    background: var(--garnet);
    display: flex; align-items: stretch;
    height: 56px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
  }
  .nav-brand {
    display: flex; align-items: center;
    padding: 0 1.5rem 0 2rem;
    border-right: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
    text-decoration: none;
  }
  .nav-brand img {
    height: 36px;
    width: auto;
    display: block;
  }
  .nav-links {
    display: flex; align-items: stretch;
    margin-left: auto;
  }
  .nav-links button {
    background: none; border: none; cursor: pointer;
    font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 500;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
    padding: 0 1.4rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
    transition: color 0.15s, border-color 0.15s, background 0.15s;
  }
  .nav-links button:hover {
    color: #fff;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
  }
  .nav-links button.active {
    color: var(--gold);
    border-bottom-color: var(--gold);
    background: rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
  }

  /* ── PAGES ── */
  .page { display: none; padding-top: 56px; min-height: 100vh; }
  .page.active { display: block; }

  /* ── HERO ── */
  .hero {
    background: var(--garnet);
    position: relative; overflow: hidden;
    display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
    align-items: center;
    min-height: 420px;
    padding: 4rem 4rem 4rem 4rem;
    gap: 3rem;
  }
  .hero::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute; inset: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0,0,0,0.18) 0%, transparent 60%);
    pointer-events: none;
  }
  /* subtle wave lines */
  .hero-waves {
    position: absolute; inset: 0; pointer-events: none; opacity: 0.07;
  }
  .hero-waves svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; }

  .hero-text { position: relative; z-index: 2; max-width: 680px; }

  .hero-super {
    font-size: 0.72rem; font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em; text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--gold);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.7rem;
  }
  .hero-super::before {
    content: '';
    display: inline-block; width: 24px; height: 2px;
    background: var(--gold);
  }

  .hero h1 {
    font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 3.5vw, 3rem);
    font-weight: 300;
    line-height: 1.18;
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
    color: #fff;
  }
  .hero h1 .line-gold {
    display: block;
    color: var(--gold);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2vw, 1.4rem);
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
  }

  .hero-desc {
    font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 300;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.82);
    line-height: 1.75;
    max-width: 560px;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
  }
  .hero-actions { display: flex; gap: 0.9rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }

  .btn {
    font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.8rem;
    border: none; cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.18s;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  .btn-gold {
    background: var(--gold);
    color: var(--garnet-dark);
  }
  .btn-gold:hover { background: #dcc99a; transform: translateY(-1px); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); }
  .btn-outline-white {
    background: transparent;
    border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
    color: #fff;
  }
  .btn-outline-white:hover { border-color: #fff; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.08); transform: translateY(-1px); }

  /* hero diagram */
  .hero-diagram {
    position: relative; z-index: 2;
    width: 260px; height: 260px;
    opacity: 0.9;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }
  .hero-diagram svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; }

  /* ── STAT STRIP ── */
  .stat-strip {
    background: var(--white);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    display: flex;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  }
  .stat-item {
    flex: 1; padding: 1.4rem 2rem;
    border-right: 1px solid var(--border-light);
    display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem;
  }
  .stat-item:last-child { border-right: none; }
  .stat-num {
    font-family: 'Source Serif 4', serif;
    font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--garnet);
    line-height: 1;
  }
  .stat-label {
    font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--text-mid);
    line-height: 1.35;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  }

  /* ── PAGE LAYOUT ── */
  .page-body {
    max-width: 1100px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 3.5rem 2.5rem;
  }

  /* ── SECTION HEADERS ── */
  .section-label {
    font-size: 0.81rem; font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em; text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--garnet);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  }
  h2 {
    font-family: 'Source Serif 4', serif;
    font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 2.5vw, 2.2rem);
    font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2;
    color: var(--ink);
    margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
  }
  .section-intro {
    font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 300;
    color: var(--text-mid);
    line-height: 1.8;
    max-width: 680px;
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  }

  /* ── CONTENT GRID ── */
  .two-col { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 320px; gap: 3rem; align-items: start; }

  /* ── INFO CARDS ── */
  .card-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 1rem; margin-bottom: 2.5rem; }
  .card {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-top: 3px solid var(--garnet);
    padding: 1.5rem 1.6rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  }
  .card-label {
    font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em; text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--garnet);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  }
  .card-body {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--text-mid);
    line-height: 1.65;
  }
  .card-body strong { color: var(--text); font-weight: 600; }

  /* ── REQUIREMENTS ── */
  .req-list { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0; }
  .req-item {
    display: flex; gap: 1.2rem;
    padding: 1.2rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
  }
  .req-item:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--border-light); }
  .req-marker {
    font-family: 'Source Serif 4', serif;
    font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--garnet);
    min-width: 1.8rem;
    padding-top: 1px;
  }
  .req-title {
    font-size: 0.92rem; font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ink);
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  }
  .req-body {
    font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--text-mid);
    line-height: 1.65;
  }

  /* ── SIDEBAR ── */
  .sidebar-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .sidebar-head {
    background: var(--garnet);
    padding: 0.9rem 1.4rem;
    font-size: 0.88rem; font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--gold);
  }
  .sidebar-body { padding: 0; }
  .sidebar-row {
    display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.4rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
    font-size: 0.88rem;
  }
  .sidebar-row:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
  .sidebar-row-label { color: var(--text-mid); }
  .sidebar-row-val { color: var(--garnet); font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.82rem; }
  .sidebar-note {
    padding: 1rem 1.4rem;
    font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--text-mid);
    line-height: 1.65;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-light);
    background: var(--off-white);
  }

  /* ── RESEARCH STRIP ── */
  .research-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 1rem; margin-top: 2rem; }
  .res-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    padding: 1.4rem 1.5rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: box-shadow 0.2s, transform 0.2s;
    display: flex; flex-direction: column;
  }
  .res-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); transform: translateY(-2px); }
  .res-logo {
    height: 72px;
    display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
    margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
  }
  .res-logo img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
    object-position: center center;
    display: block;
  }
  .res-title {
    font-size: 0.88rem; font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ink);
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
  }
  .res-desc { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--text-mid); line-height: 1.6; }

  /* ── COURSES ── */
  .course-group-head {
    display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem;
    margin: 2.5rem 0 1rem;
  }
  .course-group-head h3 {
    font-family: 'Source Serif 4', serif;
    font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--garnet);
    white-space: nowrap;
  }
  .course-group-head::after {
    content: ''; flex: 1; height: 1px;
    background: var(--border);
  }

  .course-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--garnet);
    padding: 1.4rem 1.6rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: box-shadow 0.2s;
  }
  .course-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); }
  .course-header {
    display: flex; gap: 1rem; align-items: baseline;
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem; flex-wrap: wrap;
  }
  .course-code {
    font-size: 0.68rem; font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--garnet);
    background: var(--garnet-pale);
    padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
    border-radius: 2px;
  }
  .course-name {
    font-family: 'Source Serif 4', serif;
    font-size: 1.05rem; font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ink); flex: 1;
  }
  .course-credits {
    font-size: 0.76rem; font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-light);
    white-space: nowrap;
  }
  .course-desc {
    font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--text-mid);
    line-height: 1.72; margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
  }
  .course-tags { display: flex; gap: 0.4rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .tag {
    font-size: 0.65rem; font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 0.18rem 0.6rem;
    border-radius: 2px;
    background: var(--off-white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    color: var(--text-mid);
  }
  .tag.season {
    background: var(--gold-pale);
    border-color: #e0c97a;
    color: var(--gold-dark);
  }

  /* ── SEMINARS ── */
  .seminar-info {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--gold-dark);
    padding: 1.2rem 1.6rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    display: flex; gap: 2.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  }
  .si-item { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--text-mid); }
  .si-item strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; display: block; }

  .semester-head {
    font-family: 'Source Serif 4', serif;
    font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--garnet);
    padding: 0.4rem 0 0.8rem;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--garnet);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    margin-top: 2.5rem;
  }

  .sem-table {
    width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;
    background: var(--white);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
  }
  .sem-table thead tr {
    background: var(--off-white);
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border);
  }
  .sem-table thead th {
    padding: 0.7rem 1.1rem;
    font-size: 0.68rem; font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em; text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--text-light);
    text-align: left;
  }
  .sem-table tbody tr {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
    transition: background 0.12s;
  }
  .sem-table tbody tr:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
  .sem-table tbody tr:hover { background: var(--off-white); }
  .sem-table tbody tr.past { color: var(--text-light); }
  .sem-table tbody tr.past td { color: var(--text-light); }
  .sem-table tbody tr.upcoming { background: #fffdf7; }
  .sem-table tbody tr.upcoming td:first-child { border-left: 3px solid var(--gold-dark); padding-left: calc(1.1rem - 3px); }
  .sem-table td {
    padding: 0.9rem 1.1rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem; vertical-align: top;
  }
  .td-date { white-space: nowrap; width: 100px; color: var(--text-mid); font-size: 0.84rem; }
  .td-title { font-weight: 500; color: var(--ink); margin-bottom: 0.15rem; line-height: 1.4; }
  .td-speaker { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--text-mid); }
  .td-affil { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--text-light); text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; }
  .badge {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.6rem; font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem; border-radius: 2px;
    margin-top: 0.25rem;
  }
  .badge-past { background: var(--off-white); color: var(--text-light); border: 1px solid var(--border); }
  .badge-upcoming { background: var(--gold-pale); color: var(--gold-dark); border: 1px solid #e0c97a; }

  /* ── APPLY ── */
  .apply-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 340px; gap: 3rem; align-items: start; }

  .form-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    padding: 2.5rem;
  }
  fieldset { border: none; padding: 0; margin-bottom: 2rem; }
  legend {
    font-family: 'Source Serif 4', serif;
    font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--garnet);
    padding-bottom: 0.6rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    width: 100%; display: block;
  }
  .field-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
  .field { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.35rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
  .field:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
  .field label {
    font-size: 0.72rem; font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--text-mid);
  }
  .field label .req { color: var(--garnet); }
  .field input, .field select, .field textarea {
    font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.92rem; font-weight: 400;
    color: var(--text);
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    padding: 0.65rem 0.9rem;
    outline: none;
    transition: border-color 0.15s, box-shadow 0.15s;
    width: 100%; border-radius: 2px;
    -webkit-appearance: none;
  }
  .field input:focus, .field select:focus, .field textarea:focus {
    border-color: var(--garnet);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(120,47,64,0.1);
  }
  .field textarea { min-height: 120px; resize: vertical; }

  .check-group { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.55rem; margin-top: 0.1rem; }
  .check-label {
    display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.65rem;
    font-size: 0.92rem; color: var(--text-mid); cursor: pointer;
  }
  .check-label input[type="checkbox"] { width: 15px; height: 15px; accent-color: var(--garnet); cursor: pointer; }

  .form-submit-row { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1.5rem; margin-top: 0.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .btn-submit {
    font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.07em; text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 0.85rem 2.2rem;
    background: var(--garnet);
    color: #fff; border: none; cursor: pointer;
    border-radius: 2px;
    transition: background 0.18s, transform 0.15s, box-shadow 0.15s;
  }
  .btn-submit:hover { background: var(--garnet-dark); transform: translateY(-1px); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(90,30,46,0.3); }
  .form-note { font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--text-light); line-height: 1.6; }

  .success-box {
    display: none;
    background: white;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-top: 4px solid var(--garnet);
    padding: 3.5rem 3rem;
    text-align: center;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
  }
  .success-box.show { display: block; }
  .success-box h3 {
    font-family: 'Source Serif 4', serif;
    font-size: 1.6rem;
    color: var(--garnet);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
  }
  .success-box p {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--text-mid);
    line-height: 1.8;
    max-width: 540px;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }

  /* apply sidebar */
  .deadline-table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; }
  .deadline-table tr { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light); }
  .deadline-table tr:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
  .deadline-table td { padding: 0.7rem 1.4rem; font-size: 0.88rem; }
  .deadline-table td:first-child { color: var(--text-mid); }
  .deadline-table td:last-child { color: var(--garnet); font-weight: 600; text-align: right; }

  .mat-list { list-style: none; padding: 0.8rem 1.4rem 1rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.55rem; }
  .mat-list li {
    display: flex; gap: 0.6rem; align-items: flex-start;
    font-size: 0.88rem; color: var(--text-mid); line-height: 1.5;
  }
  .mat-list li::before { content: '→'; color: var(--garnet); font-size: 0.75rem; margin-top: 2px; flex-shrink: 0; }

  /* ── DIVIDER ── */
  .divider { border: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); margin: 3rem 0; }

  /* ── FOOTER ── */
  footer {
    background: var(--garnet-dark);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.9);
    padding: 2.5rem 4rem;
    display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 1rem;
    margin-top: 4rem;
    font-size: 0.88rem; line-height: 1.7;
  }
  .footer-brand {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.9);
  }
  .footer-brand strong { color: var(--gold); font-size: 1rem; display: block; margin-bottom: 0.2rem; }
  .footer-links { display: flex; gap: 1.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .footer-links a { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.9) !important; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.15s; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.7 !important; font-weight: 400 !important; letter-spacing: 0 !important; text-transform: none !important; padding: 0 !important; border-bottom: none !important; display: inline !important; background: none !important; }
  .footer-links a:hover { color: var(--gold) !important; background: none !important; }

  /* ── RESPONSIVE ── */
  @media (max-width: 900px) {
    nav { padding: 0; }
    .nav-brand { padding: 0 1rem; }
    .nav-links button { padding: 0 0.8rem; font-size: 0.76rem; }
    .hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; padding: 3rem 2rem; }
    .hero-diagram { display: none; }
    .page-body { padding: 2.5rem 1.5rem; }
    .card-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
    .research-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
    .two-col, .apply-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .field-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    footer { padding: 2rem 1.5rem; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }
    .td-affil { display: none; }
  }
  @media (max-width: 600px) {
    .stat-strip { flex-wrap: wrap; }
    .stat-item { flex: 1 1 50%; border-right: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light); }
    .card-grid, .research-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  }

/* ── NAV LINKS as <a> tags ── */
.nav-links a {
  display: flex; align-items: center;
  font-family: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 500;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
  padding: 0 1.4rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.15s, border-color 0.15s, background 0.15s;
}
.nav-links a:hover {
  color: #fff;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
}
.nav-links a.active {
  color: var(--gold);
  border-bottom-color: var(--gold);
  background: rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
}